Matsumoto Castle — Black Fortress of the Alps

Matsumoto Castle (松本城) is one of Japan's five National Treasure castles and the oldest surviving original wooden donjon in the country (built 1593–1594). Unlike the white-plastered Himeji Castle, Matsumoto's exterior is covered in black lacquered wood siding, earning it the nickname 'Crow Castle' (烏城, Karasu-jo). The castle was designed for warfare during the Sengoku period, featuring steep staircases, hidden chambers, and strategically placed gun ports for defending against musket attacks.

The six-story keep is reflected in the surrounding moat, creating one of Japan's most photographed scenes — especially stunning during cherry blossom season (early April) and autumn foliage (November). The interior preserves original wooden floors, weapons displays, samurai armor, and a moonviewing chamber added during peacetime. Climbing to the top floor offers views of the Northern Japanese Alps.